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Birmingham Friends of the Earth Newsletter Feb/Mar 2001

GM Marker Genes Risk

GM crops have been most widely grown in America. GM technology commonly uses bacteria as 'marker genes'. Advocates of GM technology would have us believe that modified genetic material cannot cross from one species to another and GM crops are therefore perfectly safe.

Are they?

Beekeepers in America, at least, suspect they are not. Bees there commonly suffer from a bacterial disease called American foulbrood. Beekeepers have been able to control this disease for decades by using the antibiotic tetracycline. But in 1996, in Argentina, bee bacteria started to show resistance to tetracycline - resistance which then spread to the USA and Canada. These three countries happen to grow 98% of the world's GM crops. Naturally, some of their bees had fed on pollen from GM crops. And what was used as the 'marker gene' in many of these crops? Only a gene for tetracycline resistance in bacteria.

An odd coincidence, that, isn't it?

Nobody has yet examined diseased American bees to find out the source of the bacteria's resistance to tetracycline. However, in June 2000 at Jena University in Germany, researchers found that GM material from pollen in GM rape plants could cross the species barrier. The GM material was found in bacteria in the guts of honeybees.

If resistance to antibiotics can pass to bees, why not to animals? Especially farm animals, many of which are fed on GM feed. And if it can pass to farm animals, why not to humans?

The implications of that don't bear thinking about.

The Green Gnome


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